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Identifying Anti-Viral Compounds In Chinese Medicinal Herbs
1 Mar 2020
Using a new knowledge-based high-throughput screening strategy, researchers isolate three compounds with potent anti-viral activity from herbal extracts used in traditional medicine.
With people travelling more frequently and living in more densely populated areas, the potential for infectious diseases to spread rapidly and cause a pandemic is a major concern. Indeed, the serious global health threat posed by emerging viral infections is highlighted through recent outbreaks such as Ebola, Zika and Dengue.
The challenge is how to prepare for the future, since we don’t know when or where a new outbreak may occur – or the identity of the infectious agent. We need to build an arsenal of potent new anti-viral drugs to combat the risk of global pandemics with unpredictable viruses.
With around a third of all modern medicines are derived from natural products, many researchers are now turning to herbal remedies used in ancient medical practices as a source of new lead compounds for drug discovery.
Discovering Drugs From Traditional Medicines
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) originated in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years. Its practitioners use herbal medicines combined with various mind and body practices to treat or prevent health problems.
Herbal extracts used in TCM may contain a wealth of potentially valuable anti-viral compounds. But as most formulations contain a blend of multiple components, isolating an individual bioactive constituent is a daunting and labour-intensive process – with a low probability of success.
Integrating knowledge from ancient healing practices could help improve current high-throughput screening strategies – accelerating progress in discovering useful compounds from traditional herbal remedies.
Data-Driven Drug Discovery
A new study, published in Pharmacological Research, used a new ‘knowledge-based’ screening strategy and showed that this approach can efficiently identify anti-viral lead compounds from complex herbal extracts.1
The researchers systematically mined knowledge about herbal remedies and their therapeutic applications from the ‘Shanghan Zabing Lun’, an ancient TCM treatise containing over 200 formulations. Using a process of rational evaluation, they selected 24 formulations with potential anti-viral activity – and six more as negative controls. The team then used chromatography to separate these into fractions, creating a herbal extract library of 1,306 different components.
From Hit To Lead Compound
The team then screened each fraction for anti-viral activity using a high-throughput cell-based assay, identifying 18 components derived from seven ‘hit’ TCM formulations with different relieving effects on the symptoms of colds or influenza. Noticeably, none of the active components was derived from the six negative controls.
Using high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) Western blotting and immunofluorescence, the researchers went on to identify three lead compounds with potential anti-viral activity: ononin, sec-O-β-D-glucosylhamaudol and astragaloside I.
The researchers used an ELGA PURELAB® laboratory water purification system to generate the ultrapure water that they used in their experiments.
A Powerful New Strategy
This study identifies three new promising anti-viral drug candidates and also provides proof-of-principle for an alternative screening approach for unearthing anti-viral lead compounds from TCM. This new targeted drug discovery approach could be extended to various cell-based models related to other diseases, helping to accelerate the process of identifying bioactive constituents from complex traditional formulations.
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Reference:
- Yu Y. et al. Ononin, sec-O-β-D-glucosylhamaudol and astragaloside I: anti-viral lead compounds identified via high throughput screening and biological validation from traditional Chinese medicine Zhongjing formulary. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145: 104248.
Dr Alison Halliday
After completing an undergraduate degree in Biochemistry & Genetics at Sheffield University, Alison was awarded a PhD in Human Molecular Genetics at the University of Newcastle. She carried out five years as a Senior Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UCL, investigating the genes involved in childhood obesity syndrome. Moving into science communications, she spent ten years at Cancer Research UK engaging the public about the charity’s work. She now specialises in writing about research across the life sciences, medicine and health.